Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading cause of death from liver diseases and the number of chronically infected population is predicted to be approximately 200 million. The mechanism of how HCV efficiently establishes persistent infection as well as the detailed HCV replication status in the human liver tissue has never been well understood. This highly innovative study utilizes laser capture microdissection approach to define the virus-host interaction in HCV-infected patient liver tissue, which will ultimately translate our knowledge into the improvement of the therapeutic strategy against HCV.